Carbon emissions resulting indirectly from an individual’s purchase of goods or services. For example, through purchasing a book, an individual can be thought of as being responsible for the emissions resulting from the manufacture of the book, as well as the emissions created by shipping the book. In the case of services, a hair salon uses energy in heating, lighting and appliances, and the salon’s clients, by buying haircuts, can be considered responsible for these emissions. Emissions from transport services such as taxis and flights are considered direct emissions, rather than indirect emissions.